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Authors & Affiliations
Muthu Jeyanthi Prakash, Johannes Niediek, Thomas Reber, Valerie Borger, Rainer Surges, Florian Mormann, Stefanie Liebe
Abstract
A prominent theory proposes that maintaining sequential information in memory is reflected in ordered firing of neurons at different phases of theta oscillations (1). One study has recently challenged this view using single-unit and LFP recordings from epilepsy patients in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL, 2). In addition to predicting a specific temporal relationship between spiking and theta oscillations related to temporal order, the theory also assumes that 1. gamma-frequency activity encodes stimulus-relevant information that is maintained within memory and temporally aligned to spiking of individual neurons and 2. proposes a temporal relationship between gamma activity and theta oscillations during memory. Both aspects were not directly explored in the previous study. To address these questions, we utilized the same dataset as in (2) consisting of local field potentials (917 channels) and SUA (1411) from the MTL of epilepsy patients performing a working memory task for temporal order. When assessing whether gamma power (50 - 150 Hz) encoded stimulus information, 38% of the channels exhibited increased activity during visual presentation of stimuli as compared to baseline (test p<0.001 , Binomial test). Similarly, stimuli identity could not only be successfully decoded from firing rates of single units, but also from gamma power obtained at the same LFP channels (p < 0.05 , Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Stimulus-encoding channels also showed increased gamma power and higher theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling than non-responsive channels during memory maintenance (p < 0.001 , Mann Whitney U test). Further, we identified a subset of LFP-neuron pairs (N = 75) with similar stimulus preferences as the corresponding LFP-gamma power. These pairs exhibited increased gamma-spike-field coherence during the encoding and maintenance period as compared to pairs with non-overlapping stimulus preferences (p < 0.05, Permutation test). Taken together, our preliminary analyses show that stimulus information is encoded in 1. gamma power, 2. increased temporal alignment between spiking and gamma and 3. Increased gamma-power and theta phase coupling during the delay, as predicted by the theory. We plan to further explore how these findings relate to the temporal order of stimuli, and whether the model holds true in its major prediction about the relationship between stimuli and theta phase order.