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Authors & Affiliations
Maxime Carrière, Rosario Tomasello, Friedemann Pulvermüller
Abstract
Prior neuroimaging studies have shown that words associated with actions, like "grasp" and "kick," activate specific regions in the cortical motor system corresponding to the body parts involved in those actions. This activation follows the somatotopic mapping of these body parts. The variation in activation could suggest differences in how different types of symbols are processed semantically, or it might be a byproduct of activities related to imagining scenes associated with the meanings of these symbols. To address this debate, we simulated the semantic learning of realistic action words in environments where the meanings of words are grounded in bodily experiences.
In our study, we utilized a brain-constrained network that mimics the structure of the left peri-sylvian region and cortical motor areas. This network forms neuronal circuits known as cell assemblies (CAs) that emerge in a somatotopic manner, mirroring the organization of the motor cortex according to specific body parts. These CAs exhibit distinct patterns for words related to arms versus legs and propagate this somatotopic organization across the entire network. The activation patterns of specific word forms mirror the differential activity observed in fMRI studies in dorsolateral motor areas, as well as the rapid spread of activity observed in neurophysiological (MEG/EEG) research.
Our findings indicate that these differential activations are not merely secondary phenomena but rather reflect the rapid retrieval of semantic memory circuits that encode both the form and meaning of symbols. This propagation of somatotopic organization throughout the network supports the hypothesis that the brain's motor areas play a fundamental role in processing the meanings of action-related words. This research enhances our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in language processing and semantic memory, highlighting how language comprehension is grounded in bodily experiences and emphasizing the integral involvement of the motor system in semantic processing.