For many animals, color vision is important for survival, contributing to critical behaviors such as identifying food, detecting predators, and recognizing mates. How colors are processed in the central nervous system of di- and trichromatic vertebrate species (2-3 color cones) has been a topic of considerable research over the last decades. In contrast, the neuronal circuits supporting color vision in tetrachromatic vertebrates (4 color cones), such as birds, remain poorly understood. Through a combination of display engineering, large-scale Neuropixels recordings, and computational methods, we here provide a comprehensive characterization of the neuronal representation of color in the pigeon visual Wulst, the functional homologue of the mammalian primary visual cortex. We presented full-field colors on a custom 5-channel LED display, covering the avian visual spectrum (300-700 nm) while recording 4885 responsive units in the visual Wulst of awake, head-fixed pigeons. To quantify the diverse response profiles of individual units to the colors, we used a combination of non-linear dimensionality reduction (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding; t-SNE) and a two-step unsupervised clustering approach. This allowed us to identify ~100 unique response types, which could be broadly categorized as color-selective, color-opponent or achromatic. To investigate the neural encoding of color within the visual Wulst, we used CEBRA (Schneider et al., 2023) to find a low-dimensional embedding of responses to the different colors based jointly on the predicted cone activation profiles and visual Wulst responses. A classifier trained on the resulting embeddings was able to decode color with high accuracy (~80\%, 100 repeats), demonstrating that visual Wulst population activity profiles are distinct between different colors. Together, our large-scale functional survey highlights the extraordinary diversity and complexity of color responses in the pigeon’s visual Wulst. Ultimately, our findings will allow investigating commonalities and divergences between the evolutionary ancient visual system of birds and our own visual sense.