Astrocytes are dynamic cells that closely interact with neurons and play major roles in brain functions. Although their involvement in sensory processing has been highlighted in different brain regions, their contribution to vision processing remains poorly explored in the superior colliculus (SC), a central structure of the mouse visual system. We here report that astrocytes from the retinorecipient layers of the SC form particularly extensive networks that are mediated by stronger expression of the gap-junction connexins 30 and 43, compared to astrocytes from other brain areas. Furthermore, these astroglial networks contribute to the functional clustering of neuronal networks in visual maps in the SC, as revealed by intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI) in the SC and the primary visual cortex of mice deficient for both astroglial connexins. We indeed found that astroglial networks regulate maps of retinotopy and orientation preference specifically in the SC, and not in the visual cortex. We furthermore characterized the selective functional contribution of each astroglial connexins in the SC by generating inducible transgenic mice deficient for either connexin 43 or 30 and analyzing their functional maps with ISOI. Finally, we assessed the function of each connexin in the regulation of astroglial and neuronal networks activity using biochemical and electrophysiology experiments on acute brain slices. Together, our findings indicate that astrocytes are key players in shaping visual maps from the SC, uncovering a novel role for astrocytes in vision processing in this structure that controls complex approach and avoidance responses during prey capturing and defensive behaviors.