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Authors & Affiliations
Ali Özgür Argunsah, Tevye Jason Stachniak, Jenq-Wei Yang, Linbi Cai, George Kanatouris, Theofanis Karayannis
Abstract
The vibrissae system in rodents, akin to human hands and fingers, facilitates somatosensory information retrieval from individual whiskers during object exploration and recognition. Similar to the enhanced somatosensation in humans with separated digits, the critical ability of mice to sense objects through multiple whiskers in distinct streams is maintained through the precise somatotopic organization in the Brainstem → Thalamus → Cortex axis. This organization results in the formation of barrels and intervening "spaces" known as septa. Our in-vivo silicon probe recordings, conducted simultaneously in the barrel and septa domains during repeated 10Hz single and multi-whisker stimulation, reveal a temporal divergence in spiking activity between these regions. Genetic fate-mapping demonstrates that cortical SST+ and VIP+ inhibitory neurons exhibit layer-dependent differential preferences in septa versus barrel domains. A genetic manipulation affecting the temporal facilitation dynamics exclusively onto these inhibitory cell classes substantially diminishes the temporal response divergence between the two cortical domains. Furthermore, in-vivo viral tracing, whole-brain clearing, and imaging unveil a distinct projection pattern from barrels and septa to cortical regions S2 and M1. Consequently, we elucidate that local temporally engaging cortical inhibition, facilitated by SST+ neurons, contributes to the functional segregation of barrel and septa domains and potentially influences their downstream targets.