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Authors & Affiliations
Mahgol Darvishmolla, Richard Courtemanche, Konrad Schottner, Shimon Amir
Abstract
Circadian clock gene expression in various midbrain areas plays a central role in the regulation of behavior, including reward-related processes, affective states, and motor functioning. Specifically, recent work has revealed a sex-specific effect of Bmal1 expression in the striatum on voluntary alcohol consumption in mice: suppression in males and augmentation in females. Interestingly, Bmal1 expression in the nucleus accumbens, a striatal subregion known for its role in mediating reward processes, inhibits alcohol consumption in both males and females, thus indicating that other striatal subregions must contribute to the sex-specific effects of Bmal1 on alcohol consumption. We therefore ablated Bmal1 from neurons of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of male and female mice and assessed voluntary alcohol consumption using an intermittent two-bottle choice test. Moreover, we assessed the animal’s affective state and motor functioning. The results revealed that Bmal1 deletion in the DMS decreases alcohol intake and preference in females but not in males. Because only mild changes in anxiety-like behavior were observed in male and female mice, we conclude that changes in alcohol consumption can be attributed to the effect of Bmal1, rather than a change in the affective state of the animal. Notably, general movements were unaffected by knockout, but specific testing of motor coordination appears to be affected in Bmal1 knocked-out females. Overall, this work demonstrates a sex-specific effect of Bmal1 in the DMS on alcohol consumption. Future experiments should explore the mechanism driving the sex effects of Bmal1 in the DMS on motor coordination and drinking behavior.