Neural circuits are reconfigured to tune behaviour to the prevailing conditions. For instance, resting Xenopus laevis tadpoles start swimming when appropriately stimulated, but halt if the same stimulation is applied during ongoing locomotion. These opposite responses can be explained by a reconfiguration of the sensorimotor circuit, so that the same sensory pathway can exert either an excitatory or inhibitory effect on locomotion, depending on the current motor state. This form of neuronal network reconfiguration could be shared by different neuronal networks and across different species.Previous lesion work established a group of cholinergic cells located in the midbrain/rostral hindbrain as prime candidate sensors of the motor state and for the neuronal network reconfiguration. To better understand this process, we are characterising brain activity during behaviour by means of both 2-photon imaging of GCaMP-expressing tadpole brains to return activity maps of the brain time-locked with sensory stimulation, and single-cell electrophysiological recordings coupled with neurobiotin labelling for morphological reconstruction. Immuno- and backfilling staining is used to reveal cholinergic cells projecting to the central pattern generator.We used our findings to run a preliminary cluster analysis on 55 midbrain cells, returning four main neuronal clusters (Ward’s method, silhouette score > 0.5). Paired whole-cell electrophysiological recordings and pharmacology will be used to characterise the connectivity of the identified target cells in relation to the locomotor central pattern generator. Our results will reveal the areas and the cell types responsible for the reconfiguration and provide hints on the mechanisms involved.