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Authors & Affiliations
Louise Schenberg, Elise Bodin, François M Lambert, Guillaume P Dugué, Mathieu Beraneck
Abstract
Spatial orientation depends on the integration of different sensory streams by the gead direction circuit (HD). Previous work has demonstrated that the generation of the head direction signal critically depends on the integrity of angular head velocity (AHV) signals largely provided by the vestibular system. From the vestibular periphery, angular vestibular signal is processed by several cerebellar and brainstem relays including the medial vestibular nuclei (mVN), the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (nPH), the supragenual nucleus (SG) and the dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN). While several electrophysiological and lesional studies have shown that these different brainstem nuclei participate to the vestibulo-thalamic pathway, our understanding of their specific roles and projections, and of the neuronal populations implicated remains partial. In an effort to refine the description of this AHV brainstem circuit, we here report a new anatomical approach aimed at targeting different brainstem structures in mice and map their respective projections using a retrograde dextran tracer method. On top of allowing for a more precise injection as well as a faster migration time, this innovative approach integrally performed ex vivo constitutes an ethical refinement compared to traditional neuronal tracing performed in vivo. Results show that main direct projections to the DTN arise from the contralateral DTN, as well as from ipsilateral and contralateral mVN and nPH. Bilateral projections from vestibulo-cerebellar nuclei were frequently observed as well. Those results highlight the redundant interconnections of the brainstem and cerebellar nuclei that relay vestibular signal to the DTN.