Understanding how the brain processes motor and tactile imagery is crucial for advancing motor control and rehabilitation.However,there is a knowledge gap in research where EEG recordings are combined with TMS to study the effects of imagery:little is known about tactile imagery (TI) effects.In this study, we aimed to bridge this gap by examining corticospinal excitability during motor imagery (MI) and TI using TMS-EEG.Our previous findings demonstrated that both MI and TI increase corticospinal excitability,with MI having a stronger effect,whereas tactile stimulation (TS) decreases corticospinal excitability.Furthering the study of TI is important because this type of imagery potentially has multiple applications,including applications in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).Therefore,we investigated the effects of TI on the brain regions involved in motor control (primary motor cortex,M1) and somatosensory processing (primary somatosensory cortex,S1).The effects of MI, TI and TS on both areas were examined using TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs).Twenty healthy volunteers took part in two consecutive experimental sessions involving single pulse TMS in M1 and S1 coupled with EEG recordings.We found that MEP amplitudes significantly increased during both MI and TI while stimulating M1.Additionally,TEPs revealed differences in P60 amplitude in M1 for TI versus MI.Moreover,N45 peak was lower in S1 during MI than during TI and TS.Our results offer valuable insights into cortical processing during TI and MI and contribute to our understanding of sensory-motor integration mechanisms.This study underscores the importance of employing multimodal neuroimaging techniques to explore the neural correlates of different types of imagery.The study was supported by RSF grant No.21-75-30024.