Emotion regulatory skills allow control of emotional experiences, crucial for individuals social functioning (Ochsner et al., 2012). Reduced regulatory skills have been linked to increased psychopathology risk (Gross et al., 2002). The development of healthy emotion regulatory skills and associated brain networks (including amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex) is influenced by early childhood experiences, including parenting behaviors (Tan et al., 2020). Here, we investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal reports of parenting behaviors to test how parenting is associated with emotion regulatory brain structure during childhood and how parenting behaviors affect corticolimbic grey matter volume (GMV) and neocortical thickness (CT) in young adulthood. Linear mixed-effect models were used to test parenting behaviors reported for ~1500 children, acquired in 7 waves between 7-18 years of age. Results indicate a developmentally appropriate decrease in usage of most parenting behaviors over time. Parents’ and adolescents’ reports on parenting behaviors at age 11 aligned. Neurally, multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between positive parenting and right amygdala GMV in childhood (N=40; ages 7-14; β=0.42, p<.001). A negative association was observed when testing long-term associations between positive parenting behaviors reported during childhood and right amygdala GMV at 21-years of age (N=40, β=-0.25, p=.020). Furthermore, corporal punishment was related to reduced left prefrontal CT in children (β=-0.43, p=.002), while a negative effect of repeated corporal punishment on young adults’ (N=126) left prefrontal and hippocampal volumes was observed. Understanding the mechanisms promoting or disrupting emotion regulatory development may further our understanding of typical and atypical developmental trajectories.