Resources
Authors & Affiliations
Karla Padilla, Samuel Madariaga, Catalina Murúa, Pedro Maldonado
Abstract
How do humans make decisions? Some theories propose that a prospective brain allows us to predict future events, enabling us to simulate the consequences of our actions and progress toward our goals. Despite increased emphasis on gaze-driven evidence accumulation models, existing decision models underestimate or neglect the significance of mental imagery in decision-making. We aim to explore how gaze behavior and visual imagery interact, simulating mental states associated with potential outcomes during deliberation. Previous research has suggested the 'looking-at-nothing' phenomenon, a behavior in which subjects focus their gaze on an empty space to facilitate memory retrieval and mental imagery, as a valuable tool for exploring future thinking. Drawing on literature linking gaze allocation and choice behavior, we employed the "looking at nothing" paradigm to explore whether eye movements are intertwined with evaluating hypothetical scenarios during deliberation. Our approach includes eye tracking and EEG recordings to capture physiological and neurophysiological markers of mental simulations while subjects perform a preferential decision-making task. Preliminary findings indicate that while deliberating in the looking-at-nothing phase: A) Participants fixate more on the empty position where the to-be-chosen item was presented during the perception phase, compared to the area associated with the item not chosen. B) Additionally, the pupil size changes more when subjects look at the position of the item to be chosen compared to the item not chosen, and C) There are occipital and temporal evoked-related potentials associated with gaze reinstatement. This study introduces an experimental approach to explore mental simulations as a decision-making mechanism.