The hippocampal lipid alterations in an Alzheimer's disease model

Our aim is to investigate the effect of choline, fish oil, and uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP) supplementation on lipid profiles in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was to characterize cholesterol, glycerophospholipids (GPLs), sphingolipids (SLs), glycolipids (GLs), lysophospholipids (lyso GPLs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (lyso GPL O-ATs), and glycerophospholipid (GPL Os).Lipidomic analysis was performed on hippocampal brain tissue samples from 3-, 6- and 9-month-old 5XFAD mice and littermate controls using cutting-edge mass spectrometers with direct infusion (shotgun lipidomics) and LC-MS techniques. Neuron density analysis was performed using the cresyl violet staining technique in the hippocampus region on sections taken from brain tissues.Analyses revealed significant differences in cholesterol, glycerophospholipids (GPLs), ​sphingolipids (SLs), glycolipids (GLs), lysophospholipids (lyso GPLs), and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (lyso GPL O-ATs), and glycerophospholipid O- (GPL Os), in 5XFAD transgenic mice compared to non-transgenic controls. In addition, cresyl violet-stained sections showed significant alterations in neuron density in the hippocampus region.These findings highlight the potential of choline, fish oil, and UMP supplementation to affect lipid metabolism and neuronal density. The study underscores the importance of understanding the complex relationship between lipid homeostasis, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline in AD, which is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AD. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and translate these findings into clinical applications.