Leg paresis, loss of coordination, and spasticity often manifest as gait dysfunction in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Here, we assessed the immediate effects of lumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) in a sham-controlled pilot-study of 26 patients with primary or secondary progressive MS.The study protocol included motor assessments before and after application of tSCS. Stimulation electrodes were positioned on the lumbar spine to activate sensory afferents from the legs. All patients conducted a therapy and a sham condition on two separate study days. Stimulation protocols differed in intensity of the applied tSCS current, which was set to 0–5 mA during the sham condition or was individually tuned (14–60 mA) for the therapy condition. Both stimulation conditions were applied continuously at 50 Hz for a duration of 30 min. The assessments comprised a clinical spasticity scale (Modified Ashworth Scale) and instrumented gait tests.Preliminary results showed moderate improvements compared to baseline. However, we found no significant differences for gait velocity or spasticity scores when comparing sham and therapy conditions, directly.Together, our results highlight the importance of sham conditions to uncover possible placebo effects of neuromodulation interventions in clinical trials. We are currently analyzing refined electromyograms (EMG) and motion sensor parameters to characterize patient specific deficits and individual therapy responses.