The intrauterine milieu significantly influences the future health trajectory of offspring, wherein adverse prenatal conditions can induce aberrant fetal neurodevelopment with enduring consequences. Prenatal stress represents a notable adverse condition known to affect offspring health detrimentally, often correlated with dysregulations in gut microbiome composition. Therefore, we aim to investigate the impact of prenatal stress on offspring neurodevelopment and to evaluate the potential mitigative role of probiotics. Randomly chosen pregnant female Wistar rats underwent daily restraint stress (for 1 week, 3 times/day) or were left undisturbed. They were also assigned to receive a multi-strain probiotic (Vivomixx, 50x109 bacteria/kg/day) or not throughout the pregnancy. To assess offspring neurodevelopmental reflexes, pups were tested during postnatal days (PND) 6-8. Female and male offspring were randomly selected from each litter and starting with PND35, cognitive behaviors were assessed: Morris Water Maze, Y-Maze Spontaneous Alternation, and Novel Object Recognition (NOR). While gestational stress exhibited no significant impact on offspring neurodevelopmental reflexes, female offspring from the stress group displayed compromised working memory in the Y-Maze test (p<0.05). Additionally, male offspring exhibited deficits in recognition and non-spatial memory (NOR). Intriguingly, these adverse effects were markedly alleviated by probiotic intervention. Collectively, our findings underscore the sex-dependent, detrimental effect of prenatal stress on cognitive function in offspring, while highlighting the potential of probiotic administration during pregnancy. These results imply that administering probiotics during pregnancy may be an effective and safe strategy to attenuate the negative effects of prenatal stress on offspring cognitive and anxiety behaviors, possibly through gut microbiome-related mechanisms.