The population coding account of pain proposes that a distributed network of neural activity across both nociceptive and non-nociceptive domains drives our experience of thermosensation and pain (Coghill, 2020; Fardo et al., 2020). Recent, pioneering work in mice shows that distinct neuronal population codes for cold and warm exist in the posterior insula cortex (Vestergaard et al., 2023). In this study we used fMRI to model the pattern of response associated with innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli, to determine whether similar population receptive fields (PRFs) for temperature and pain exist in humans. Individual detection and pain thresholds (N = 38) were used to generate two temperature continua (warm and cold) consisting of seven perceptually distinct temperatures, personalised to each participant. At least two temperatures on each continuum were above individual pain thresholds. Thermal stimuli were presented on the right dorsal forearm, with a ramp rate of 40º/sec and a stimulus duration at peak of 2.5 secs. Group-level analyses revealed clusters of activity within the left somatosensory cortex, insula and thalamus in response to both innocuous and noxious stimuli. Next, we will extract individual thermosensory pRFs by modelling the shape of the BOLD response along each temperature continuum (de Haas et al., 2016). This allows us to determine how the pattern of response in specific brain regions changes with stimulus intensity, temperature, nociception or pain. This study is poised to offer novel insights into the neural coding of temperature and pain perception, potentially reshaping our understanding of thermosensation in humans.