The meaning of individual events or cues in the environment is often dependent on their position relative to other cues surrounding them. The ability to learn about relationships between such ambiguous cues – often called structural learning – enables us to recognise common underlying structures of events and is thought to form the basis of episodic memory. One area implicated in structural learning is the hippocampus. Specifically, neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus have been shown to represent variables such as cue configurations and their order in space and time. To investigate the neural basis of structural learning, we designed an odour-based task that requires mice to learn not only about sets of odour cues, but about their relative order in time. Importantly, the task design allows for manipulation of the temporal structure and identity of cues separately, allowing dissociation of their neural mechanisms. Using this task, we found that mice can flexibly use previously learnt relational structures, and adapt to both changes in the temporal pattern as well as in cue identity. In line with a role for hippocampal circuitry, optogenetic inactivation of ventral CA1 (vCA1) markedly impaired task performance. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we found that vCA1 neurons encode a wide variety of task-relevant information, including maintaining odour identity across the delay and exhibiting context-specific responses to odours. Ongoing work aims to understand how the activity of vCA1 cells at the population level supports the integration of sensory and internal variables to support structural learning.