Electrical-based neuroprostheses reported promising clinical outcomes for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, they suffer from low spatial resolution and lack of natural neurotransmission specificity that require alternative bio-mimetic stimulation strategies. Chemical-based neuroprostheses would represent a promising option to emulate the physiological synaptic communication by providing localized delivery of neurotransmitters. While various drug delivery approaches have been investigated, an efficient neurotransmitter-based neuronal stimulation at the nanoscale still remains unexplored. Indeed, current strategies are mostly hampered by delivery leakage, low spatial resolution, or low biocompatibility and stability of the materials involved. Here, we propose a nanoscale planar solid-state device for multi-site neurotransmitter release. The nanodevice consists of a nano-patterned silicon nitride membrane connected to a reservoir, designed to store neurotransmitters. Primary neurons plated on the nanodevice showed good viability and network integration, thus proving the nanodevice biocompatibilty. Bioluminescence assay and electrochemical experiments proved the nanodevice functionality as a neurotransmitter delivery system. Moreover, fluorescence recording on iGluSnFR-expressing cells demonstrated that nanodevice-mediated glutamate diffusion is spatially resolved. Nanodevice neuromodulation functionality was proven by electrophysiological recordings showing enhanced neuronal firing activity upon nanodevice-mediated glutamate diffusion. Finally, Ca2+-imaging experiments on retinal explants of a rodent model with retinal degeneration (rd1 mouse) showed the capability of the nanodevice to stimulate the outer retina layer triggering a network-mediated retinal ganglion cells response. This work shows a promising tool for a neurotransmitter-mediated neuronal interface that paves the way toward a novel concept of spatially resolved nanoscale chemical neuroprostheses.