Evidences linking air pollution and neurodevelopmental disorders are gaining a great support on the last years. Specifically, traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has proven to negatively affect cognitive and behavioral development in children. Among different types of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is the one most linked with these adverse consequences. On the other hand, APOE is a polymorphic human gene that has three different alleles (e2, e3, e4), being the e3 the most prevalent allele in general population. Moreover, the e4 allele has been associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (especially in females), cognitive impairment and, interestingly, it has recently been associated with a poorer neurodevelopmental outcome in children exposed to TRAP. In this regard, our purpose was to examine the impact of inhaling PM10 (SRM 2787; NIST), administered in exposure chambers, on humanized ApoE3 and ApoE4 mice during the early postnatal period (from postnatal day 4 to 14), which corresponds to a crucial phase of CNS development. PM10 was collected by an air intake filtration system of a major exhibition center in Prague (Czech Republic). Exposure levels were calculated to be equivalent to human exposure in urban populations. Our main results showed a lower gain weight and an advancement on developmental milestones in ApoE3 treated mice. Differences between genotypes were observed in anxiety, sociability and learning. To conclude, only ApoE3 mice showed significant alterations in physical parameters due to exposure to PM, while important differences in cognitive and behavioral parameters were observed between genotypes.