Amblyopia arises from neuronal adaptation due to abnormal experience of one eye during a critical period of visual development. The molecular mechanisms underlying amblyopia are not characterized. To investigate this process, we used the monocular deprivation experimental paradigm in young rats to induce plasticity of neuronal excitability in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) neurons (Duménieu et al., BioRxiv 2023). Employing a proteomic approach, we identified activity-dependent dynamic change in the components of dLGN neurons. By microdissection we isolated deprived and spared regions of the dLGN from rats subjected to monocular deprivation for 4 days. The protein content of the samples was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Isobaric labelling (Tandem Mass Tag –TMT- reagents), was used to enhance mass spectrometry sensitivity and enable relative quantification by mixing the samples. In our preliminary data analysis, we identified modulation of protein expression essential for intrinsic and synaptic neuronal excitability in rats monocularly deprived for 4 days. Additionally, we observed changes in expression of proteins involved in cilia-mediated signaling. Furthermore, several solute carrier membrane transporters were found to be modified by the monocular deprivation paradigm.These discoveries enhance our understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms linked to amblyopia.