Why is the suprachiasmatic nucleus such a brilliant circadian time-keeper?

Circadian clocks dominate our lives. By creating and distributing an internal representation of 24-hour solar time, they prepare us, and thereby adapt us, to the daily and seasonal world. Jet-lag is an obvious indicator of what can go wrong when such adaptation is disrupted acutely. More seriously, the growing prevalence of rotational shift-work which runs counter to our circadian life, is a significant chronic challenge to health, presenting as increased incidence of systemic conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Added to this, circadian and sleep disturbances are a recognised feature of various neurological and psychiatric conditions, and in some cases may contribute to disease progression. The “head ganglion” of the circadian system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. It synchronises the, literally, innumerable cellular clocks across the body, to each other and to solar time. Isolated in organotypic slice culture, it can maintain precise, high-amplitude circadian cycles of neural activity, effectively, indefinitely, just as it does in vivo. How is this achieved: how does this clock in a dish work? This presentation will consider SCN time-keeping at the level of molecular feedback loops, neuropeptidergic networks and neuron-astrocyte interactions.