IOP Publishing — Physics World

Reference electrodes combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can separate overpotentials and degradation processes at individual electrodes. Their placement in solid-electrolyte cells is constrained by geometry and pressurized gases, while noise and perturbations can make impedance measurements difficult to interpret. This webinar introduces reference-electrode arrangements and applications, then examines a proton-exchange-membrane water-electrolysis setup. Experimental results illustrate measurement artifacts and a proposed filtering method for recovering interpretable impedance signals. The presentation is followed by questions and discussion.

Runaway electrons can severely damage plasma-facing components in current and future tokamaks. This webinar presents a research roadmap connecting runaway-electron models with plasma–surface interactions and material-damage calculations. It examines the physics, experiments, model integration and validation needed to predict electron loads and damage at reactor walls. The speakers assess current capabilities, gaps in modeling chains, and challenges for ITER and subsequent fusion devices.