Von Economo stated that an "Ideal Cortical Map" would look very different to a parcellation. He suggested that an Ideal Cortical Map would involve the superimposition of many different cortical maps, with changes in each map shown at every single point. In line with this idea, I will discuss our recent research on identifying principal dimensions of cortical differentiation. In particular, I will highlight large-scale patterns of cytoarchitectural differentiation that can be observed using post mortem histology or in vivo microstructure-sensitive MRI. I aim to show how this approach provides a cohesive framework to understand cortical organisation across multiple biological scales. This allows us to formulate new ideas on the organisation and function of the brain regions (eg: mesiotemporal lobe), networks (eg: DMN) and the whole cortex.