mechanosensory feedback
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Prox2+ and Runx3+ vagal sensory neurons regulate esophageal motility
Sensory neurons of the vagus nerve monitor distention and stretch in the gastrointestinal tract. We used genetically guided anatomical tracing, optogenetics and electrophysiology to identify and characterize two vagal sensory neuronal subtypes expressing Prox2 and Runx3. We show that these neuronal subtypes innervate the esophagus where they display regionalized innervation patterns. Electrophysiological analyses showed that they are both low threshold mechanoreceptors but possess different adaptation properties. Lastly, genetic ablation of Prox2 and Runx3 neurons demonstrated their essential roles for esophageal peristalsis and swallowing in freely behaving animals. Our work reveals the identity and function of the vagal neurons that provide mechanosensory feedback from the esophagus to the brain and could lead to better understanding and treatment of esophageal motility disorders.
Sensing in Insect Wings
Ali Weber (University of Washington, USA) uses the the hawkmoth as a model system, to investigate how information from a small number of mechanoreceptors on the wings are used in flight control. She employs a combination of experimental and computational techniques to study how these sensors respond during flight and how one might optimally array a set of these sensors to best provide feedback during flight.
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