perfusion

Adventures in Spin Labeling: Clinical Perfusion Imaging and the Path to Technical Innovation

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI has become a vital tool in clinical neuroimaging, enabling noninvasive assessment of cerebral perfusion across a range of conditions including stroke, vascular malformations, and brain tumors. With broader clinical adoption, its practical strengths — as well as important limitations — have become increasingly clear.

The wonders and complexities of brain microstructure: Enabling biomedical engineering studies combining imaging and models

Brain microstructure plays a key role in driving the transport of drug molecules directly administered to the brain tissue as in Convection-Enhanced Delivery procedures. This study reports the first systematic attempt to characterize the cytoarchitecture of commissural, long association and projection fiber, namely: the corpus callosum, the fornix and the corona radiata. Ovine samples from three different subjects have been imaged using scanning electron microscope combined with focused ion beam milling. Particular focus has been given to the axons. For each tract, a 3D reconstruction of relatively large volumes (including a significant number of axons) has been performed. Namely, outer axonal ellipticity, outer axonal cross-sectional area and its relative perimeter have been measured. This study [1] provides useful insight into the fibrous organization of the tissue that can be described as composite material presenting elliptical tortuous tubular fibers, leading to a workflow to enable accurate simulations of drug delivery which include well-resolved microstructural features.  As a demonstration of the use of these imaging and reconstruction techniques, our research analyses the hydraulic permeability of two white matter (WM) areas (corpus callosum and fornix) whose three-dimensional microstructure was reconstructed starting from the acquisition of the electron microscopy images. Considering that the white matter structure is mainly composed of elongated and parallel axons we computed the permeability along the parallel and perpendicular directions using computational fluid dynamics [2]. The results show a statistically significant difference between parallel and perpendicular permeability, with a ratio about 2 in both the white matter structures analysed, thus demonstrating their anisotropic behaviour. This is in line with the experimental results obtained using perfusion of brain matter [3]. Moreover, we find a significant difference between permeability in corpus callosum and fornix, which suggests that also the white matter heterogeneity should be considered when modelling drug transport in the brain. Our findings, that demonstrate and quantify the anisotropic and heterogeneous character of the white matter, represent a fundamental contribution not only for drug delivery modelling but also for shedding light on the interstitial transport mechanisms in the extracellular space. These and many other discoveries will be discussed during the talk." "1. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-686577/v1, 2. https://www.pnas.org/content/118/36/e2105328118, 3. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9198110

Brain damage in APOE -/- mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: participation of SIRT1, SIRT3 and IGF1

Cerebral hypoperfusion induced by carotid stenosis leads to hypoxia in oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Deep brain stimulation of the medial septum restores blood perfusion following pharmacologic NMDA antagonism in a region-dependent manner

Low-dose ionizing radiation as therapeutic intervention against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive deficits

Mild hypothermia alleviates reductive stress, a root cause of ischemia reperfusion injury

Use of pCASL MRI sequence to study brain perfusion and vascular permeability after Blood Brain Barrier opening: limitations and perspectives

Assessment of metabolome in the tumor microenvironment by cerebral open flow microperfusion (cOFM) in a human glioblastoma xenograft animal model

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The default EEG reactivity to photic stimulation is impaired following global cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion

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Impacts of ciproxifan on the tissue of the hippocampus in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion

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Neuroprotective effects of MK801 against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

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Progesterone alleviates neurological deficit and striatal ectonucleotidase activities after cerebral hypoperfusion in rats

FENS Forum 2024