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Research on End-user Acceptability.and Long-term Impacts of HIV Cure Strategies (REALISE)
ABSTRACT Despite remarkable advances in HIV cure science, emerging cure candidates will likely involve trade-offs (e.g., incomplete eradication, monitoring burdens) and must compete with increasingly convenient long-acting ART; without early implementation guidance, even efficacious products may see limited uptake, particularly among the ~30–40% of people with HIV (PWH) in the U.S. who are not durably suppressed. We propose REALISE, a multidisciplinary program to define plausible cure profiles, quantify end-user preferences, and project population-level impact to inform product design and policy before market entry. Aim 1 conducts qualitative interviews with ~30 researchers and developers to delineate credible 10–20-year cure and long-acting treatment scenarios (eradication vs functional control, safety, monitoring, durability), yielding bounded “target product profiles.” Aim 2 elicits patient-centered preferences through a two-stage study: formative interviews (n=60; ≥50% not virally suppressed) to identify salient attributes; best-worst scaling (n=360 across Missouri, Georgia, and San Francisco) to prioritize attributes; and a discrete choice experiment (n=360) to quantify trade-offs versus alternative therapies, with latent class analysis to identify preference segments and estimate potential reach. Aim 3 integrates preference-based uptake from Aim 2 with Aim 1 efficacy and cost inputs in a mathematical model to estimate health impact, QALYs, net QALYs, and incremental cost-effectiveness across heterogeneous populations and Ending the HIV Epidemic jurisdictions. Innovation lies in linking cure R&D horizons to end-user preferences and transmission-dynamic outcomes, an approach that anticipates real-world use rather than retrofitting after approval. Deliverables include ranked cure attributes for product optimization, uptake projections including among unsuppressed PWH, and jurisdiction-specific value assessments to guide public health investment. By aligning cure design with what patients will accept and systems can sustain, REALISE will accelerate effective deployment of future cure strategies and maximize their contribution to Ending the HIV Epidemic. In doing so, this study advances NIH's priorities by connecting implementation science with prevention, treatment, and cure research. Using a multidisciplinary strategy to refine and extend `target product profiles,' REALISE will ensure cure development reflects patient needs and accelerate translation into real-world benefit.
Predicting appearances
Visual appearance is an important factor in product and lighting design, and depends on the combination of form, materials, context, and lighting. Such design spaces are seemingly endless and full of optical as well as perceptual interactions. A systematic approach to navigate this space and to predict the resulting appearance can support designers in their iterative work flow, avoiding losing time on trial and error and offering understanding of the optical and perceptual effects. It should also allow artistic freedom to interactively vary the design, and enable easy communication to team members and clients. I will present examples of such approaches via canonical sets, simplifying design spaces in perception-based manners to arrive at intuitive presentations, with a focus on light(ing) design and material appearance.
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