Physiology seminars

Astroglia-neuron interactions are involved in multiple processes, regulating development, excitability and connectivity of neural circuits. Accumulating number of evidences highlight a direct connection between aberrant astroglial genetics and physiology in various forms of epilepsies. Using zebrafish seizure models, we showed that neurons and astroglia follow different spatiotemporal dynamics during transitions from pre-ictal to ictal activity. We observed that during pre-ictal period neurons exhibit local synchrony and low level of activity, whereas astroglia exhibit global synchrony and high-level of calcium signals that are anti correlated with neural activity. Instead, generalized seizures are marked by a massive release of astroglial glutamate release as well as a drastic increase of astroglia and neuronal activity and synchrony across the entire brain. Knocking out astroglial glutamate transporters leads to recurrent spontaneous generalized seizures accompanied with massive astroglial glutamate release. We are currently using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches to perturb astroglial glutamate signalling and astroglial gap junctions to further investigate their role in generation and spreading of epileptic seizures across the brain.

The Chiu laboratory focuses on neuro-immune interactions in pain, itch, and tissue inflammation. Dr. Chiu’s research has uncovered molecular interactions between the nervous system, the immune system and microbes that modulates host defense. He has found that sensory neurons can directly detect bacterial pathogens and their toxins to produce pain. Neurons in turn release neuropeptides that modulate immune cells in host defense. These interactions occur at major tissue barriers in the body including the gut, skin and lungs. In this talk, he will discuss these major neuro-immune interactions and how understanding them could lead to novel approaches to treat pain or inflammation.