Topic: 6OHDA

Emerging studies have demonstrated that neural-immune interactions play a critical role in gastrointestinal diseases. Sympathetic neural system (SNS) activity, susceptible to stress modulation, has been elucidated for its direct impact on immune cells through adrenergic receptors, or alternatively, its indirect influence via the modulation of proinflammatory chemical release. However, sympathetic neural-immune interactions in the gastrointestinal tract and their contribution to visceral pain are still unclear. Here, we established an early life stress model with gastrointestinal disorder. In t