Topic: adaptive observers

Contrastive Hebbian Learning (CHL) has recently emerged as a new biologically plausible paradigm to explain the mechanisms of plasticity in the brain. In classical CHL, developed for artificial networks, neurons learn in a two-step procedure where their free response to a given input is contrasted to their clamped response given the same input and an imposed target output. This two-step procedure, which is unlikely to be implementable in biological systems, has recently been made more plausible by exploiting the fundamental idea that neurons can learn by predicting their own future activity [1