Topic: basket formations

The nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) of the avian brain is a functional analogue of the mammalian prefrontal cortex. It plays a central role in different types of associative learning, including conditioning and extinction learning. The NCL receives a dense innervation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunopositive fibers, which form characteristic basket formations around their target somata. This distinctive innervation profile enabled the identification of the NCL in pigeons, chickens, zebra finches, crows and blackcaps. In this study, we characterized the catecholaminergic system of the Japane