Topic: biased perception

The remarkable ability of neural networks to make predictions about the immediate future and recognize unexpected events is a ubiquitous hallmark of intelligent life. In recent years, researchers have begun to unravel the neural substrates underlying this predictive information processing [1]. An integral part of predictive processing is a subset of excitatory neurons that encode prediction errors: while negative prediction-error (nPE) neurons are only activated when sensory signals are weaker than predicted, positive prediction-error (pPE) neurons respond only when sensory signals exceed the