Topic: bump movement

Uncertainty is a fundamental aspect of the natural environment. Computing with uncertain information is important not only for encoding and decoding stimuli in early sensory areas, but also for more complex downstream inference and integration. The head-direction (HD) system is a prominent example of this, where noisily encoded angular velocity estimates need to be inferred and integrated into a circular attractor to keep track of the heading direction. The brain may employ sampling-based methods to perform inference, where neural activity reflects samples from the posterior probability distri