Topic: β-catenin

Primary cilia are non-motile, antenna-like organelles present on the surface of most human cell types. They play an essential role in processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation. Primary cilia are involved in many signalling pathways, including Hedgehog, WNT, and TGF-β. Consequently, ciliary dysfunctions lead to severe diseases known as ciliopathies.The formation and function of primary cilia are closely associated with the cell's oxygen supply. Proper cell function requires adequate oxygen levels, so cells must respond quickly to any deviation from the norm. The