Topic: computation

Gaute Einevoll and Mihai Petrovici discuss how neuromorphic hardware can support artificial intelligence and efficient brain simulation. They contrast high-frequency arithmetic on conventional silicon with the rich dynamics and millisecond spikes of biological neurons, and explore brain-inspired systems for emulating neural dynamics and studying computation in spiking networks. Petrovici is a senior researcher at the University of Bern. The conversation was recorded on 18 June 2026 and released on 23 September 2026; the publisher’s audio runs 1 hour, 41 minutes and 46 seconds.

Neural dynamics represent the hard-to-interpret substrate of circuit computations. Advances in large-scale recordings have highlighted the sheer spatiotemporal complexity of circuit dynamics within and across circuits, portraying in detail the difficulty of interpreting such dynamics and relating it to computation. Indeed, even in extremely simplified experimental conditions, one observes high-dimensional temporal dynamics in the relevant circuits. This complexity can be potentially addressed by the notion that not all changes in population activity have equal meaning, i.e., a small change in

It is widely accepted that human cognition is the product of spiking neurons. Yet even for basic cognitive functions, such as the ability to make decisions or prepare and execute a voluntary movement, the gap between spikes and computation is vast. Only for very simple circuits and reflexes can one explain computations neuron-by-neuron and spike-by-spike. This approach becomes infeasible when neurons are numerous the flow of information is recurrent. To understand computation, one thus requires appropriate abstractions. An increasingly common abstraction is the neural ‘factor’. Factors are ce

A debate flares up every few years in neuroscience, asking whether the brain is a computer or whether this is “just a metaphor,” or “just semantics.” The question goes back a long way, and has probably been more common in philosophical than neuroscientific circles. But a recent Frontiers special issue raised the debate again, and exemplified its different sides perfectly. One side argues that the brain is a computer because it satisfies computer science’s definition of “computer,” and therefore neuroscience is right to conceptualize it that way (Richards & Lillicrap, 2022). The other side argu

Flexible computation is a hallmark of intelligent behavior. Yet, little is known about how neural networks contextually reconfigure for different computations. Humans are able to perform a new task without extensive training, presumably through the composition of elementary processes that were previously learned. Cognitive scientists have long hypothesized the possibility of a compositional neural code, where complex neural computations are made up of constituent components; however, the neural substrate underlying this structure remains elusive in biological and artificial neural networks. He

Neuronal network computation and computation by avalanche supporting networks are of interest to the fields of physics, computer science (computation theory as well as statistical or machine learning) and neuroscience. Here we show that computation of complex Boolean functions arises spontaneously in threshold networks as a function of connectivity and antagonism (inhibition), computed by logic automata (motifs) in the form of computational cascades. We explain the emergent inverse relationship between the computational complexity of the motifs and their rank-ordering by function probabilities

Understanding learning in neural circuits requires answering a number of difficult questions: (1) What is the computation being performed and what is its behavioral significance? (2) What are the inputs required for the computation and how are they represented at the level of spikes? (3) What are the sites and rules governing plasticity, i.e. how do pre and post-synaptic activity patterns produce persistent changes in synaptic strength? (4) How does network connectivity and dynamics shape the computation being performed? I will discuss joint experimental and theoretical work addressing these q