Topic: confidence-encoding neurons

Humans can flexibly monitor their own data processing, and unlike modern AI algorithms appropriately adjust their confidence estimates for decisions in new contexts. Here, we develop a behavioral task to evaluate whether rats, like humans, can calibrate their confidence reports while learning new stimuli-response associations. We compare rat behavior to a self-reflective (metacognitive) model that uses statistical inference to produce calibrated confidence reports. Consistent with model predictions, the variance and calibration of rat confidence increases as their behavioral performance impro