Topic: delay-paired association task

Working memory (WM) is the brain process for actively maintaining information during a short delay period. Dopamine is known to strongly modulate WM, but its temporal specificity in modulating WM and its related neuronal activity remain elusive. Here we report that dopamine modulates olfactory WM behavior in a bi-directional and timing-dependent manner in head-fixed mice performing a delay-paired association task. In vivo imaging of dopamine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) by a newly developed GPCR-activation-based-dopamine sensor (GRABDA) revealed phasic elevation of mPFC dopami