Topic: drug-induced tic model

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics, which are sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic movements. The TS is also accompanied by cognitive and emotional dysfunctions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits has been suggested to induce these symptoms in TS patients, but the details of neuronal mechanisms underlying tic disorders remain unknown. In this study, we generated drug-induced tic model mice by unilateral local