Topic: dynamical networks of neurons

Effective learning in neuronal networks requires the adaptation of individual synapses given their relative contribution to solving a task. However, physical neuronal systems -- whether biological or artificial -- are constrained by spatio-temporal locality. In other words, synapses can only use information available at their physical location and at the present moment in time. How such networks can perform efficient credit assignment, remains, to a large extent, an open question. In machine learning (ML), the answer is almost universally given by the error backpropagation algorithm, through b