Topic: excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance

Successful execution of complex decision-making tasks requires identification and processing of multiple sources of uncertainty, such as sensory uncertainty, mapping uncertainty and outcome uncertainty. The mediodorsal (MD) thalamus is a critical partner for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive flexibility and resolving uncertainty in decision making [1,2]. Animal experiments have shown that the MD enhances prefrontal signal-to-noise ratio in decision making under uncertainty [3]. However, the computational mechanisms by which the MD enhances prefrontal activity in decision making under un