Topic: feedback signaling

Visual cortical neurons are richly inter-connected by within-area, and feedforward and feedback across-area circuits. How these different circuits contribute to visual function remains poorly understood. We performed simultaneous recordings from hundreds of neurons in V1 and V2 in anesthetized macaque monkeys. Using a latent variable model, we identified the feedforward, feedback, and within-area signals that contributed to the measured responses. The identified feedforward and feedback signals contributed equally to explaining activity in the two areas, consistent with their equal anatomical