Topic: fluid balance

Lithium is a primary treatment for patients with bipolar disorder, effectively managing the extreme mood swings. However, side effects of lithium treatment including increased thirst often lead to significant discomfort and potentially impact patient compliance with the medication regimen. In an effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of lithium-induced thirst, we have conducted studies using mice as a model organism. These studies involve administering lithium chloride (LiCl) either through intraperitoneal injections or by supplementing lithium salts into the animals' diet. Observation