Topic: mushroom body output neurons

Associative learning entails lasting changes in multiple, distributed neural circuits in different areas of the brain. Understanding the nature of information stored in individual memory circuits and how they interact cooperatively and competitively to function as one network are key but highly challenging problems. In Drosophila mushroom body (MB), ~20 pairs of dopamine neurons (DANs) and mushroom body output neurons (MBON) together form compartmental units of associative learning. Each DAN cell type is selectively tuned to rewards or punishments and write and update memories with cell-type-s