Topic: orientation coding

How the brain processes a stimulus depends not only on its physical properties but also on contextual factors, such as whether it is predictable, expected, or surprising. Though well characterized using non-invasive means, the microcircuit mechanisms responsible for comparing sensory input and expectations remain poorly understood. We recorded single units and local field potential (LFP) activity from primary visual cortex in awake mice engaged in a visual oddball task. Relative to stimulus onset, we distinguish early (50-200ms) and late (200-400ms) neural response windows, a choice compatible