Topic: rat vocal emissions

Vocal communication is described as transfer of intraspecific signals between a sender and a receiver across humans and many animal species. It demands constant self-monitoring of vocal feedback to ensure precise emission of voice. The most representative phenomenon facilitated by vocal-feedback mechanism is known as the Lombard effect. Lombard effect, along with other spectro-temporal vocal modifications, is termed as noise-induced vocal modifications (NIVMs). However, despite the functional importance of NIVMs, our current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying this vital vocal feedba