Topic: spike-and-wave discharges

The default mode network`s (DMN) can be investigated using default EEG reactivity (DER).The default oscillatory macrostate (DEM) is exemplified by the macrostate showing thehighest decrease in occurrence probability during intermittent photic stimulation (IPS).This study aimed to investigate DER, in the deeply sedated epileptic brain.We used a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy, the adult Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijwijk(WAG/Rij) rat. Controls consisted of age-matched Wistar rats.Deep aesthetic coma was induced by chloral hydrate. We performed cortical EEG recordingsduring the induced altered st

Absence seizures (ASs) are generalized non-convulsive seizures characterized by sudden, brief lapses in consciousness, accompanied by spike-and-wave discharges in EEG. In children with Childhood Absence Epilepsy, 30% are pharmaco-resistant and 60% exhibit neuropsychiatric deficits, that precede the epilepsy diagnosis and persist even after seizure control with medication. Thus, there is the need to fully understand and control both ASs and their comorbidities.Increased thalamic GABA levels have been observed in children with unilateral spike-and-wave discharges and drugs that elevate GABA can

Absence Seizures (AS) are sudden, non-convulsive seizures characterised by altered consciousness, behavioural arrest and 3-4 Hz spike-and-wave discharges on the ictal EEG [3]. ASs have a significant impact on the quality of life due to the risk of injury and neuropsychiatric comorbidities, such as impairments in emotional, cognitive, memory and linguistic abilities [1,5]. Moreover, cognitive impairments have been described in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) rats, which is a well characterized ASs animal model [8]. Recent evidence shows that glia cell-derived neurotrophic f

The lateral hypothalamus produces the neuropeptides orexin-A and -B, also referred to as hypocretin-1 and -2, which activate the OX1 and OX2 receptors. The orexin system is linked to various neurobiological processes and specifically plays a critical role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Epilepsy, as a frequent neurological disease, affects people of all ages. Given that epilepsy can impact sleep in multiple ways, the relationship between the orexinergic system and the pathophysiology of generalized epilepsies remains to be determined.We investigated the orexin-type 2 receptor (OX2R) in the