Effective noninvasive neuronal waveform modulation with sustained and activity-dependent continuous-wave near-infrared laser stimulation
Alicia Garrido-Peña, Pablo Sanchez-Martin, Manuel Reyes-Sanchez, Rafael Levi, Francisco B. Rodriguez, Javier Castilla, Jesus Tornero, Pablo Varona · FENS Forum 2024
Near-Infrared (NIR) laser is an emerging stimulation technique that has proven its effectiveness as an excitatory stimulus when delivered as high-frequency pulses with potential in future clinical applications. Many studies have focused on the general effect with stationary analyses and not on the spike dynamics and the associated biophysical sources of the modulation.We have explored the effect of continuous-wave (CW)-NIR laser in neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis using sustained and activity-dependent protocols. Sustained illumination has a large potential, but it has been eclipsed by pulsed-lase