Topic: trans-synaptic Rabies tracing

The vestibular system is critical for maintaining balance and postural equilibrium in most vertebrates, and the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) is a key component in the integration of vestibular sensory inputs. However, it is not fully clear how MVN and its related brain regions contribute to vestibular equilibrium. In this study, we identified a population of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing neurons in the facial motor nucleus (FMN) of the brainstem that provides long-range inputs to MVN. While the lower motor neurons in FMN mediate specific orofacial and vibrissal muscle activ