Topic: volume release of GABA

Accurate perception requires the integration of external (bottom-up) and internally generated (top-down) information. The main recipient of top-down projections in cortex is layer 1, which houses the dendrites of pyramidal cells (PC; Schuman et al., 2021). While layer 1 is devoid of excitatory cell bodies, it contains a variety of interneurons, including neurogliaform cells expressing neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF; Abs et al., 2018). NDNF interneurons are unique in that they provide slow inhibition, partially via non-synaptic volume release of GABA (Pardi et al. 2020). Yet, their co