A METHODOLOGICAL TOOLKIT FOR FREELY MOVING AVIAN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

Avian electrophysiology research requires not only robust neural recordings but also rich behavioral quantification for the neural activity to be analyzed and interpreted. Yet the tools available for avian research lag behind those developed for rodent and primate models. While some existing methods could be transferred, species-specific behavioral repertoires often demand substantial adaptation or complete redesign. We aim to establish a toolkit of methodological developments tailored for pigeons (Columba livia) and jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in freely moving electrophysiology experimentation. These developments address the need for comparative models capable of studying visual, spatial, and social cognition, and include varied approaches for response detection, positional live video tracking, automated individual identification, in-aviary behavioral training, and preliminary advances on bird gaze estimation; all in unrestrained settings. In addition, we follow up on our inexpensive, self-designed chronic implant system, which provides high-quality recordings while reducing animal use in accordance with the 3R principles. We validated these systems in both species, achieving stable positional tracking during free navigation and reliable detection of task-related responses across sessions. The implant design has supported long-term recordings with minimal maintenance, also in both species. By enabling neural–behavioral integration in more naturalistic scenarios, our toolkit opens new opportunities for studying perception, decision-making, and social interaction in species with rich ecological repertoires.