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Targeting the brain to improve obesity and type 2 diabetes
The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated morbidity and mortality emphasizes the need for a more complete understanding of the mechanisms mediating energy homeostasis to accelerate the identification of new medications. Recent reports indicate that obesity medication, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)2C receptor (5-HT2CR) agonist lorcaserin improves glycemic control in association with weight loss in obese patients with T2D. We examined whether lorcaserin has a direct effect on insulin sensitivity and how this effect is achieved. We clarify that lorcaserin dose-dependently improves glycemic control in a mouse model of T2D without altering body weight. Examining the mechanism of this effect, we reveal a necessary and sufficient neurochemical mediator of lorcaserin’s glucoregulatory effects, via activation of brain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides. We observed that lorcaserin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that lorcaserin’s action within the brain represents a mechanistically novel treatment for T2D: findings of significance to a prevalent global disease.
Importance of perinatal hormones and diet on hypothalamic development and lifelong metabolic regulation
Inclusive Data Science
A single person can be the source of billions of data points, whether these are generated from everyday internet use, healthcare records, wearable sensors or participation in experimental research. This vast amount of data can be used to make predictions about people and systems: what is the probability this person will develop diabetes in the next year? Will commit a crime? Will be a good employee? Is of a particular ethnicity? Predictions are simply represented by a number, produced by an algorithm. A single number in itself is not biased. How that number was generated, interpreted and subsequently used are all processes deeply susceptible to human bias and prejudices. This session will explore a philosophical perspective of data ethics and discuss practical steps to reducing statistical bias. There will be opportunity in the last section of the session for attendees to discuss and troubleshoot ethical questions from their own analyses in a ‘Data Clinic’.
A metabolic function of the hippocampal sharp wave-ripple
The hippocampal formation has been implicated in both cognitive functions as well as the sensing and control of endocrine states. To identify a candidate activity pattern which may link such disparate functions, we simultaneously measured electrophysiological activity from the hippocampus and interstitial glucose concentrations in the body of freely behaving rats. We found that clusters of sharp wave-ripples (SPW-Rs) recorded from both dorsal and ventral hippocampus reliably predicted a decrease in peripheral glucose concentrations within ~10 minutes. This correlation was less dependent on circadian, ultradian, and meal-triggered fluctuations, it could be mimicked with optogenetically induced ripples, and was attenuated by pharmacogenetically suppressing activity of the lateral septum, the major conduit between the hippocampus and subcortical structures. Our findings demonstrate that a novel function of the SPW-R is to modulate peripheral glucose homeostasis and offer a mechanism for the link between sleep disruption and blood glucose dysregulation seen in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
The effect of diabetes on myelin homeostasis
FENS Forum 2024
Memory-enhancing activities of the aqueous extract of Sclerocarya birrea, Nauclea latifolia, and Piper longum mixture on diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction
FENS Forum 2024
Ablation of Necroptosis Protects Diabetes Associated Cognitive Deficits & Lipotoxicity Induced Neuro-Glia Changes
Hippocampal neurovascular coupling and spatial working memory impairment in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes: impact of dietary nitrate intervention
Metabolic syndrome status and fitness determine the association of insulin resistance with abnormal brain functional dynamics and cognition in pre-diabetes
Modeling of increased excitability of nociceptive neurons due to diabetes-induced upregulation of somatic T-type Ca2+ current
Neuroprotective potential of Chebulinic acid in streptozotocin-induced diabetes-associated cognitive decline: behavioral and biochemical evidences
Regulation of the apoptosis/autophagy switch by propionic acid in ventromedial hypothalamus of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Trans-resveratrol effects on diabetes-induced apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelium in Wistar rats
Type 1 diabetes mediated microvascular dysfunction and impaired behavioral performance in mice
Aggression control by type 2 diabetes risk gene Dusp8
FENS Forum 2024
Antioxidant effect of combined administration of metformin and propionate in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
FENS Forum 2024
Impact of type 2 diabetes and high-intensity interval exercise on neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and the accumulation of lipid droplets in the hippocampus
FENS Forum 2024
Impaired modulation of trigeminal caudal nucleus somatosensory responses by the locus coeruleus in a mouse model of diabetes: Participation of GABAergic and glycinergic neurons
FENS Forum 2024
Non-canonical anti-inflammatory effects of sitagliptin, a drug for type 2 diabetes, in microglia
FENS Forum 2024
Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes affect tau phosphorylation patterns in murine models of Alzheimer’s disease
FENS Forum 2024
Reduced light exposure as a lifestyle measure for the alleviation of diabetes-induced anxiety – the link with oxidative stress
FENS Forum 2024
Retinal and behavioral characterization of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes type 2 model in the search of early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
FENS Forum 2024
Structural and functional alterations in the retina of a model of Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes
FENS Forum 2024
Subchronic administration of the antidiabetic drug metformin mitigates cognitive impairments in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
FENS Forum 2024
Type one diabetes modifies tau phosphorylation patterns and worsens cognitive impairment in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
FENS Forum 2024
diabetes coverage
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