The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is considered central in executive functioning and decision making, and from an anatomical perspective there is consensus that the mPFC is not a single homogenous structure. However, the nature of mPFC is more contentious in the functional domain, with disagreement as to whether mPFC is homogenous, or instead composed of multiple distinct subregions with distinct roles. To answer this question it is necessary to monitor activity across a wide swath of mPFC as rats actively engage prefrontal processing, and critically, to precisely identify the anatomical location of these recordings. To meet this objective, we recorded neural activity using linear silicon probes placed along the dorso-ventral axis of the mPFC as rats performed an economic decision task. We then identified the precise location of each recorded cell to relate functional activity to decision behavior. Examination of information flow between mPFC cells, measured via transfer entropy (TE), provided critical insight into the nature of mPFC. Leveraging our cell localizations, we performed a novel analysis where we evaluated TE as a function of anatomical position and found four distinct areas of elevated information flow, reflecting distinct processing units within mPFC. Crucially, the locations of these areas closely matched anatomical boundaries (ACC, dPL, vPL, IL), providing clear correspondence between function and anatomy. Further analysis of subregional responses revealed that dorsal areas (ACC & dPL) were engaged during decision processing, IL was involved in maintaining representations of the current task state, and vPL occupied a middle ground between these functions. Our work demonstrates that mPFC is composed of four functionally distinct subregions and suggests how these four areas work together to support decision making. These findings provide future research with an updated conceptual framework of mPFC functioning, and a deeper understanding of network processing in this critical brain area.